Evaluation of performances of satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) for representing the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall in data-poor catchments such as Upper Gilgel Abay is vital. Hence, the focus of this study was to test the effectiveness of satellite rainfall estimates at high spatial and temporal resolutions in Upper Gilgel Abay Catchment. The study period of 2006-2010 was used for downloading the 1-hr temporal and 8 km × 8 km spatial resolution CMORPH (Climate Prediction Centre Morphing Method) data (selected from SREs). For correcting the systematic biases, time and space variant bias correction algorithm was applied for a time window of 7 days and a minimum rain accumulation of 5 mm within these days. Bias correction selected for this study aimed at correcting both in space and time domains. Based on the findings of this study, CMORPH underestimates rainfall up to 18% during the analysis period (2006-2010). Spatially, there are clear variations on the performance of CMORPH across rain gauging stations

This study focuses on the 1974 revolution and its impact on the fate of the azmari and contemporary singers in north Gondar Zone. The research is based on primary and secondary sources, including interviews, archival and relevant secondary sources. Such sources were crosschecked and triangulated for substance and objectivity. During imperial times the azmari were among the despised segment of the Ethiopian society due to their profession. Conversely, they were important components of the Ethiopian nationhood in reflecting and recording feelings such as grievances and happiness of the populace.. Contemporary social and political changes following the revolution of 1974 transformed the azmari’s social and economic life, as the change granted equality among people regardless of occupation and birth. This, coupled with a growing sense of cultural awareness at home and the emergence of an Ethiopian diaspora in various parts of the world, helped the azmari to assume a better status and social acceptance. Consequently, the profession of azmari which was previously marginalized and denoted as the occupation of the lower class was transformed to a socially-dignified sector. So much so a growing number of youngsters from a ‘non-azmari’ ancestry started to join the profession with no qualms.

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Ethiopia is one of the food deficit countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The food deficit is especially manifested in Amhara region. Many woredas in the region are only able to produce food that could meet their food requirements for less than six months of the year. This food insecurity is a key development challenge. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the extent of the food insecurity and identify its determinants in Debark woreda. The food insecurity was assessed using the calorie intake. A total of 200 farming households’ were randomly selected using systematic sampling technique. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that the proportion of food insecure households was more than the food secured households. The chi-square statistic revealed a significant association between food insecure and secure households. Similarly, the t-test revealed a significant mean difference between food insecure and secure households with respect to age of household heads, TLU and cultivated land size. Moreover, the model output revealed seven out of twelve explanatory variables: age of household heads, educational level, TLU, cultivated land size, access to credit, applying chemical fertilizer and improved seeds were found to be statistically significant determinants of household food insecurity. In conclusion, the determinants of food insecurity are complex and call for multifaceted interventions. Such efforts should include resettling food insecure households where better land resources are available, strengthening informal education and skill training centers to farming households, enhancing and expanding rural credit service.